Book - Wind Turbine Technology – 2011 – 287 pages
Contents:
1 Chronological History of Wind Turbine Technology.............................1
1.1 Introduction...............................................................1
1.2 Major Benefits and Problems Associated with Alternate Energy Sources..............3
1.3 Benefits and Disadvantages of Wind Turbine Technology..................4
1.4 Worldwide Utilization of Wind Turbines...........................................7
1.5 Operating Principles of Wind Turbines...............13
1.6 Wind Turbine Classifications....................16
1.7 Wind Farm Developers...................21
1.8 Design Configurations..............................22
1.9 Next Generation Wind Turbines with Unique Features...26
1.10 Typical Wind Power Estimates for United States....28
1.11 Summary..............................28
2 Design Aspects and Performance Requirements...31
2.1 Introduction................................31
2.2 Types of Wind Turbines...................32
2.3 Modern Wind Turbines..................35
2.4 Off-Design Performance............. 40
2.5 Techniques for Capturing Large Amounts of Wind Energy.............43
2.6 Annual Energy Acquisition from Specified Wind Turbine Site.........58
2.7 Estimating Annual Hours of Capturing Wind Energy.................... 64
2.8 Summary..................... 77
References.......................78
3 Design Aspects and Performance Capabilities of Wind Turbine Rotors...............79
3.1 Introduction...............................79
3.2 One-Dimensional Theory for Ideal Rotor.........................................80
3.3 Two-Dimensional Aerodynamic Model............................................97
3.4 Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Model for Wing of Finite Length....................98
3.5 Rotor Design Requirements for Wind Farm Applications..............102
3.6 Hydrodynamic Analysis of Flow over Rotor............104
3.7 Summary.........................107
References...............................................................109
4 Wind Turbine Blade Design Requirements...........111
4.1 Introduction..................... 111
4.2 Analysis of Performance of Propeller Blades........112
4.3 Blade Performance........................... 116
4.4 Application of Beam Theory to Various Turbine Blade
Configurations...................................130
4.5 Material Requirements for Blades....................130
4.6 Critical Features of Blade Section..................130
4.7 Summary....................................133
References................................................134
5 Sensors and Control Devices Required for Dynamic Stability and
Improved Performance under Variable Wind Environments..............137
5.1 Introduction.....................137
5.2 Regulation Control Systems....................139
5.3 Sensors for Monitoring Wind Parameters.......143
5.4 Transmission Systems.................143
5.5 Electrical Generators......................144
5.6 Performance Capabilities and Limitations of Synchronous Generators...............145
5.7 Critical Rotor Performance Parameters..............................146
5.8 Impacts of Airfoil Characteristics on Blade and Turbine
Performance................................ 151
5.9 Automatic Shut-Down Capability................ 152
5.10 Critical Design Aspects of HAWT and VAWT Rotors.......153
5.11 Low Harmonic Content Electrical Generators for Improving Efficiency............................156
5.12 Impacts of Loadings on Structural Integrity of Wind Turbine....... 157
5.13 Summary..........................160
References............................................ 161
6 Stand-Alone Wind Turbine Systems....................................................163
6.1 Introduction........................163
6.2 Historical Background: Use at Remote Sites........165
6.3 Configurations of Stand-Alone Systems............166
6.4 Stand-Alone Systems for Remote Sites........171
6.5 Sizing of System Components..............175
6.6 Stand-Alone Systems with Utility Power Back-Up....179
6.7 Stand-Alone Wind Turbine–Based Systems for Various Applications......................182
6.8 Hybrid Systems for Village Electrification.......185
6.9 Multitasking Wind Turbines....................188
6.10 Summary.........................192
References..............................................194
7 Wind Energy Conversion Techniques in Built Environments............195
7.1 Introduction.............................195
7.2 Concentrator Configuration Requirements............196
7.3 Energy Design Buildings..............197
7.4 Local Wind Characteristics in Built Environments....207
7.5 Impact of Built Environment on BAWT Performance..... 215
7.6 Summary............................227
References............................................ 228
8 Environmental Issues and Economic Factors Affecting Wind Turbine Installation...................229
8.1 Introduction..........................229
8.2 Environmental Factors and Other Critical Issues............230
8.3 Problems Arising from Large Windstream Diameters........238
8.4 Estimating Critical Performance Parameters Using Classical BEM Theory..................247
8.5 Justification of Wind Turbine Installation Based on Economics.....248
8.6 Estimated Costs of Critical Components and Subsystems..............255
8.7 Wind Turbine Towers.................257
8.8 Summary........................259
References........................................ 260
Index.....................................................261
